William oscab kennington



W. O. KENNINGTON Re. 17,189 VACUUM OFERATED BRAKE Jan.- 8, 1929.

Original Filed NOV. 5, 1924 V l Figl y 5 e. 3 7 2 'LZL WQ /fn/v//Jgfo/J y a 'By' h 'Y AUM/viv.

Reissue.: Jan. 8,1929.`A

, UNITED STATES PATENT opp-ICB@ WILLIAM 'OSCAR KENNINGTON, OF 4LONDON, ENGLAND, ASSIGNOB TO GENEBAI|- i Re. 17,189

MOTORS CORPORATION, OF DETROIT, MICHIGAN, .A CORPORATION OF DELAWARE.

' VACUUM-OPERATED BRAKE.

. d i t l original No. 1,541,266, dated Jnne 9, 19585, Serial No. 747,917, led November 5, 1924. Application for 'reissue :len February 12,

This invention has reference to a motive .power device associated-with an internal combustion engine. It hasbeen designed especially for operating the brakes of automobiles by vacuum. Itis more particularly but not exclusively Iconcerned with vehicles of the type wherein a brake is provided for each A primary object is to provide a motive ower device associated with an internal comustion engine wherein the suction of the engine operates the device and wherein the operation of the motivel power device in no way interferes with the normal action of the engine. An'application of the invention is herein described wherein the device is intended to operate the 4brakes of a motor vehicle.

The construction consists of few parts; may

be economically constructed; is easily operated; and is highly eicient in use. i

With these ends in view and such others as may hereinafter appear or are incidental thereto the invention in its broadest aspect may be said to consist in the provision of means whereby the suction of the engine is Y utilized toactuate the brake mechanism when the throttle valve of the engine is movedbe yond what is normally the closed position.

More specifically regardedl the invention is embodied in an arrangement wherein the suction of the engine actuates a piston bellows or other appropriate pressure contrivancewhen the` throttle valve has lbeen moved to a position beyond what may be termed the normally closed position of the valve said piston or like contrivance being then adapted to actuate the mechanism whereby the brakes are applied. Y

In accordance'with my invention I provide that part of the intake -pipe of the engine with a recess so located that when the throttle valve is. in ya position to restrict or interrupt the supply yof combustible mixture from the carburettor to thea engine or in other words when itis in'the normally closed position the upper lip of the recess is opposite the edge of the throttle valve.

rIvhe aforesaid rece commumcates by means of a 4suitable connection'such as a pipe-with a suction operated.

devicev for example 'a piston or its equivalent or `other like contrivance adapted in opera-p tion to actuate the brake mechanism through suitable connections when the aforesaid suc- `gine and when `fully opene 1927. Serial No. 167,851.

tion device is subjected to the suction of the engine as will presently be explained.

The throttle valve which may be of theorl butterfly- .piston or other convenient bustib e mixture and when it is desired to decelerate the engine the throttle is moved'into therequisiteposition and when it is in what 'is normally the closedposition it restricts the passage of combustible mixture to the engine all as is usual in internal combustion vengines ofl the type to which this invention refers. According tothis invention in this position the throttle is at one edge of the aforesaidrecess in the intake pipe and if it is now desired to apply the bra es the ,throttled is moved across the recess towards the other ed thereby places the piston or its equivait or other pressure mechanism in communication with the suction side of the throttle valve whereby the said pressure mechanism is gradandl ually subjected to-the suction of the engine.

and the brakes whichas above stated are connected to the pressure mechanism are applied. When the throttle is in the position just described the pressure mechanism is subjected to the full suction eiect ofthe engine and during the movement of the throttle from the normally closedposition `to the extreme posi-V tion .the` combustible mixture can leak past the recess around the edge of the throttle valve tothe engine whereby the latter is supplied with suicient' mixture to enableit to turn over and at the same time the brakes are graduallyv applied.

In order that the invention may be clearly ggind ofone form of pressure mechanism for "foperating the brakes in accordance with my invention and f Fig. 2 is a diagrammatic view in sectional locl elevation of the general arrangement of parts wherein my invention is embodied.

In the drawings wherein the saine refer-- ence numerals indicate the same or similar 2 y p rinse parts 1 represents the intake pipe of an internal combustion engine for use in an automobile or the like and) having a throttle valve 2 for 4controlling the passage of com- -bustible mixture to the engine the intake being provided with a recess 3. Communicatv ing with the recess 3 by means of a. pipe '-l is a Y air past the pistonA occur it might conceivably detrimentally aifect the composition of the combustible mixture when the parts are in position to apply the brakes. I m ay therefore provide la pipe connection 9 between the intake pipe 1 on the carburetor side of the throttle valve 2 and the rearv of the piston 6 so v that any leakage past the latter will be leakage of normally richmixture.

In operation when it is desired to decelerate the throttle is moved into the normally closed position shown in Fig. 1 in which position it restricts the passage of combustible mixture to the engine. It now it is desired to apply the brakes the throttle is moved across the recess 3 (whereby, as pipe 4 communicates with the intake pipe l above valve 2 the piston 6 is gradually subjected to the engine suction 4and the 4brake applied. During this move- Ament of the throttle the combustible mixture from below the throttle-valve can leak around the edge of the throttle to the engine whereby a suiiicient quantity of mixture is supplied to the engine to enable it to run o r turn over andthe brakes are gradually applied. The

. means' whereby this is effected is more clear- 1y shown in Figure -2 the movement of the throttle 2 being controlled by a pedal 10 mounted on a spindle 11 and having an extension 12 connected bymmeans of 4a rod 13V to the usual arm 14 of the throttle valve spindle 15. When itis desired to declelerate pressure on the/pedal 10 is decreased whereupon a relatively strong spring 16 moves the throttle clockwise into the normally closed position. It now it is desired to apply the brakes the pressure on the pedal'l() is still further decreased and the spring 16 moves the throttle beyond the normally closed position. Dur- N ing this movement a clutch member 17 on the extension 12 engages a co-operating clutch member 18 on the arm 19 mounted on spindle 11 and moves said arm 19 against the action of a. relatively weak spring 20 which normallyretains' the arm 19 in contactwitha llustrated I have inary brakin stop 21. Immediately the spring 16 begins to move the pedal 10 upwards against the action of the springQO the driver of the vehicle feels a difference in the pressure requisite -for operation of the pedal 10 and is advised therebyrof the position of the throttle and that the brakes are being applied.

One essential characteristic of my invention should'be particularly noted. The cham-" ber within cylinder 5 with which the pipe 4 communicates is always supplied-with carburetted mixture. In the release position Yas when the throttleis open, or when it is closed to `the position shown by Fig. 1, the chamber within cylinder 5 fills with carburetted mixture. In applying the brake the engine suction reduces lthe pressurewithin the chamber but the gas withdrawn is not air,v

which may lean the vmixture just whenF it should not be leaned, but is precisely the'- quality of mixture for which the yengine has been adjusted. In a device of this type, were pure air admitted to the variable lvolume chamber, a very considerable change in the proportions of the mixture would occurwith each bake applic-ation. lVith my arrangement for supplying the chamber with engine mixture instead of air. my brake operation in no way aects the action of the engine.

Any other convenient lndicating means maybe employed and Iif desired a stop may be provi-ded to arrest the pedal lever or the like actuating the throttle valve when this latter has'been moved to the normally closed position means such as arlever or the like or a. control onvthe steering wheel being-provided to move the stop out of the path of the pedal or lever operating the throttle to perbeing further. actuated and the brakes applied.

It will be understood that I may if desired provide means for-coordinating' my im roved brake mechanism with the ordinary oot or hand brakein such a manner that a prelimmay be eifected'by the means I have descri d .followed by further braking by means of the foot or hand brake. Means may also be provided for actuating theJ rod 7 bymanuallyA or .pedal controlled means but as these refinements will be apparent to those skilledin the art to which this invention appertains further ldescription'thereoif isfzhere deemed unnecessary.

WhilebI have described one construction-.ot parts .of myimproved brake mechanismand the, operation thereof I lam awaref-that changes of construction and operation' may be made without departing from the spirit and scope vof the invention for example instead`of one pressure device as shown and de- A.

scribed I ma rovide more than one as may be deemed'a visable according to the kind of vehicle to 'which my invention is t-o be applied and; therefore do not-wish-to be understood "mit said leverand consequently the throttle' y if 11.18# f.

as limiting the scope l of my claims by the positive terms employed in connection with i the description. Y

soL

`yond what is normally theclosed position.

Iclaim: Y

1.A vaccum operated-brake mechanism for automobilesV and likevehicles, compriss ing, the combination of the usual brake and throttle mechanism, .and means operated by vthe suction of the engine to actuate the brake i mechanism when the throttle is moved be- `position to ermit the suction of the engine 'to actuate t e pressurevoperat'ed device and vapply the brakes. l

4. A vacuum operated brake mechanism for automobiles and likev vehicles comprising a pressure operated device mechanism co- 4operating therewith to apply thebrakes to the wheels of the vehicle when the said device is actuated, means whereby the throttle valve of the engine can be moved beyondV the normally closed position to permit the suction of the engine to actuate the pressure operated device and means whereby 'the engine is kept' running when the throttle valve as been moved beyond lthenormally closed position.

5. A vacuum operated brake mechanism for automobiles and like vehicles comprising a pressure operated device mechanism for connecting said device to the brakes `of the j vehicle, means whereby the throttle valvel ,of theengine can be `moved beyond the nor# mally closed position, means for establishing.

,communication between thesuetion of the engine and said device -whenljlie throttle l valve is -moved beyond the normally closed position so as to actuate said device and a ply1 the brakes, means whereby combusti e mixture can leak past the throttle valve to supply the engine with fuel lwhen the vthrotv tle valve has been moved beyond the nor-'f mally closed position and means for returnfing the brake mechanismto the oil,5 position when the throttle vvalve is opened or partially opened.' i "6. A vacuum operated brake mechanism for automobiles and like vehicles comprising a pressure operated device mechanism for'- connectin'g said device to the brakes of the vehicle, means whereby the throttle valve of1 bustionengine having a valved inlet conduit 4either above or below said valve whereby the the engine can be moved be ond the normally closed position, means whereby when theA throttle valve is moved beyond the normally closed position communication is established between `the suction of the engine and said device so esto actuate said device and apply the brakes,lmeans whereby combustible mixture can leakl past the throttle valve to su ply the'penginewith fuel when the throttle valve has been moved beyond the normally closed position and means for indicating the osition of the throttle prior tfo the brakes j ing applied. f

7. In combination'with an internal combustion engine having a conduit for supplying carburetted mixture, a motive power device including a variable volume chamber, means associated with said power device and conduit to supply the former from the latter with carburetted mixture.V p 8. In combination with an internal combustion engine having aconduit for supplying carburetted mixture, amotive power device including'a variable volume chamber, means associated with said chamber and conduit whereby the chamber is supplied with carburetted mixture from the conduit and whereby action of said engine may evacuate said-chamber. y v

9.-In combination with an internal com. 95

for carburetted mixture, a motive power device having a yvariable volumechamber, means to connect said power device with the pressure insaid inlet conduit which exists power device is supplied with carburetted mixture ,or evacuated bythe action of said ene. 10. In combination with an internal combustion yengine .having an inlet conduit for carburetted mixture, a motive power device having a variable volume chamber', said chamber being closed except :for means affordin communication between said` chamber an said inlet conduit, a pipe connecting,

said chamber with said engine inlet conduit 1 y wherehyi the only fluid which may enter said x chamber" is the' carburetted mixture.

11. The invention defined by claim 10, said `lull? v engine inlet conduit having a vvvalve and meansl associated with said pipe and inlet conduit whereby the chamber may at times be supplied with mixture from below said valve and .at other times be subjected to the enginesuc- 12ol tion above the valve. 4 c Y Y 12. Mechanism vfor throttle and vacuum, brake operation comprising an' induction Y ipe, a throttle therein, a vacuum brakecyliner, a conduit between said cylinder and pi e, '1,25

a manually operable lever, connectionsA ef tween said 'lever and throttle whereby manu-l al eiort applied to said lever rotates it in one direction to `open the throttle, means operable upon said 'lever to rotate it in the opposite di- 13 rect-ion to movel the throttle beyond its normally closed positionand open the conduit for vacuum brakel action.

'13. The invention defined by claim 12 to- 5 gether with means resiliently resisting such further movement of the lever and thereby give a feeling indication of brake application.

14. In 'combination with an'internal combustion engine having a conduit for supply- I l ing carbureting mixture, a motive power def .vice including a, variable volume chamber nected toa mechanism to be operatedthereby,

means associated with said chamber and conduitv whereby the chamberv may at times be supplied with carburet-ted mixture, and whereby at other times the action of said engine may evacuate said chamber, and manually operable means whereby said operations may be effected.

In testimony whereof I aiX my signature.

W. O. KENNINGTON. 

